What do the terms "shaken" and "stirred" refer to in cocktail making?

The terms "shaken" and "stirred" refer to methods of mixing drinks, which are essential techniques in cocktail preparation. When a drink is shaken, it typically involves combining ingredients in a cocktail shaker along with ice, and shaking vigorously. This method is often used for cocktails that contain juices, dairy, or other ingredients that benefit from aeration and chilling — resulting in a well-mixed and cold drink with potential frothiness.

On the other hand, stirring involves combining ingredients in a mixing glass or shaker with ice, but instead of shaking, a bar spoon is used to gently mix the ingredients. This technique is preferred for spirit-forward cocktails, as it preserves the clarity and texture of the drink while achieving the desired dilution and chill without introducing air bubbles.

Understanding the distinction between shaking and stirring is crucial for bartenders, as it impacts the cocktail's texture, flavor profile, and overall presentation.